You can.
You have several options to do this:
You can use gdbserver:
open the project context menu, and select:
settings -> debugger tab
Inside it, you can enter list of commands to send to the debugger
and in addition, if you are using gdbserver, you can specify the IP/port of the gdbserver
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Second option:
if you dont have an open project, Codelite also supports 'Quick Debug' which is an interface to gdb without the need of workspace/project.
From Debug -> Quick Debug
EDIT: You might also want to read this:
http://codelite.org/LiteEditor/Debugging
and this:
http://codelite.org/LiteEditor/DebuggingWithQuickDebug
Eran